Week 12-Social and Ethical Issues

Lecture summary

This week's lecture concentrate on the social and ethical issues associated with the ICT-based information system. Examples of such social and ethical issues include; copyright, interlectual property plagiarism, privacya, security and lastly freedom of speech. Such problems occur becuase the internet is an open protocol with no enforceable standards. In addition, anyone can publish material regardless of whether the information is bias or unethical. To ensure such problems does not arise, one must always acknowledge the work of others. Likewise, they must also reference the work of others even though, they did not make any direct quote. In addition, ensure you reference correctly. Lastly, always copy and paste url when copying and pasting informations for your own personal note making. There are certain measures one can take to protect themself on the world wide web. One thing you can do is istall a firewall which will protect you against probe and unsolicited monitering. Above all, never give personal information about yourself. In addition do not reply to spam mail. likewise, turn off your "auto-reply".

Tutorial summary

Week twelve tutorial is comprised of three activities. The first activity looks at, the Australian copyright council. From this, we are required to select five which are most relevant to us as undergraduate. The second task required us to visit the APRA site. After reading the content, we are then required to explain what we need to know about music. The last task invovl us using several websites to develop a plan which one can use to protect themselves from the dangers associated with the world wide web.

1. Visit the website for the Australian copyright council. http://www.copyright.org.au/
a. Click on the link to the page Copyright Information, then All Information Sheets.

b. Choose FIVE information sheets that are or will be relevant to you as an undergraduate and read them. Record your findings from those sheets in your log.

Websites: creating and publishing on the internet

Firstly, one must understand that their website as a whole may not be protected. Nevertheless, components of the website such as, artwork and musics are protected under copyright. There is no formal registration required to ensure that your content is copyrighted. A content automatically becomes copyright protected assuming it is original and not copied from another copyright protected source. On the contrary, you must ensure that an agreement is formed prior to the production of the website. This agreement will act as a guide to who is the copyright owner for the various components of the website. On another note, content that are copyright protected in Australia, are also copyright protected in other foreign countries.

Internet: copying and downloading

Once again, the process whereby a material becomes copyright protected is automatic.

The fact that many materials are available over the internet, does not by any chance suggest that they are copright-free. One can avoid the infringement of copyright if they express information found on the web in their own way. On another note, one must be aware not to download materials such as music found on various website before the release date as there is a high likelihood the copies are pirated and you will infringe copyright . One does not infringe copyright if they print or copy information from the web for research purposes. It is also possible for someone to foreward email massage but beware as many complication can arise.

Computer software

computer software and novels or poem are all copyright protected in similar ways. They are protected as literacy work. Once you have purchase a programme, you automatically attain the right to use it. Likewise, it allows you to make backup copies of the programe. Nevertheless, there is no general right to copy the programes for your own personal use. A copyright owner has the right to reproduce, publish or communicate the materials in anyway they please. Fair dealing of the copyright material in some case will not infringe copyright assuming it's only use for that particular purpose such as reporting news and givng legal advice. Government are allowed to use copyright material without permission considering it's for government function

only.

Ideas: legal protection

Copyright does not protect ideas, but it does protect works whereby the idea is expressed, described or put into-effect. If one tell another of a confidential idea and that idea was used in a way that was not permitted, then the first person have a legal claim for breach of copyright. An idea which is an invention or a new method of manufacture may be registrable as a patent. In addition, a design for a functional article maybe registrable under the Design acts. Lastly, an image used to build up a traders reputation can not be used by another to build up their reputaion. Should this occur, then the trader has the right to take legal action against the other.

Games

A game as a whole does not have a category of copyright protection. Nevertheless, components of the game such as artwork will will be copyright protected. on another note, names, ideas and or concepts are not copyright protected. One may rely on other areas of the law to protect aspects of their game.

2. Go to the APRA site http://www.apra.com.au/music-users/online_mobile/online_mobile.asp and explain in your learning log what you need to know about music and web.

At this time in age, many things have become digitalised. Many things can be downloaded with the click of a button. With this, comes the misconception that music download over the internet are somehow free. The creative work and talent of the composers are being exploited in one way or another. It is beyond doubt that the creative work of composers and songwriters add value to online bussiness and services. Likewis, it has been found if a website has music on it, then the customer is most likely to browse the website for a longer period. Nevertheless, we must remember that any use of copyright music, require the appropriate clearance to be obtained. All in all, when downloading musics, always consider the circumstances of the composers. While you obtaining their creative work for free, remember they are not getting paid.

3. Using the following sites for reference, write a plan to protect yourself from attacks on your privacy and security. It should cover the threats of viruses, Trojans and how you can protect your own personal information. http://netsecurity.about.com/ http://computer.howstuffworks.com/virus6.htm http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1759,2100282,00.asp

There are a number of measures which you can take to protect yourself from attacks on your privacy and security. Before that, you must first look at a number of viruses. Viruses are simply small pieces of software which attach themselves onto a real programe such as spreadsheet. Opening the spreadsheet then gives the opportunity to spread onto other files. One of the most known is Trojan horse. It's simply a programe which claims to do one thing yet it does another thing such as erasing your hard disk when you run it. Unlike other viruses, Trojan horse doesn't have the ability to replicate. If you are worried about traditional viruses, then I suggest that you use UNIX as this is the most effective opperating system. Secondly, installing virus protection software is another way which you can protect yourself. In addition, ensure that macro virus protection is enable in all microsoft applications. One of the most effective way to protect yourself is to avoid opening documents from unknown sources. Likewise, never double click on email attachments that has executable. Not doing so, will give them permission to do as they please. Since viruses can be obtained from email attachments, never reply to spam mails and never give away your personal details.

Week Twelve: Reading (URL) - EFF's Top 12 Ways to Protect Your Online Privacy

There are atleast twelve ways in which one can protect their privacy online.

Firstly, one must never reveal their personal information inadvertently.

Also, remember to turn on cookie notices in your Web browser, and use cookie management software or infomediaries

Try and have atleast two email address where one will be use for nonsense and the other will be used for private purposes only.

Secondly, one must never reveal personal details to strangers.

One may be monitored at work

Realize you may be monitored at work, avoid sending highly personal e-mail to mailing lists, and keep sensitive files on your home computer.

Beware sites that offer some sort of reward or prize in exchange for your contact information or other personal details.

Do not reply to spammers, for any reason.

Be conscious of Web security.

Be conscious of home computer security.

Reading Summary 2 - Ethics in Computing - Social Justice Issues:Electronic Monitoring

Ethics in computing is about electronic monitoring of others activity. There are several hyperlinks on the types of monitoring. Also, several hyperlinks of privacy and legal issues were included. The article also contains some suggestion of ideas in defense of employees. In addition, it has stories and articles included under each topic.
The main concerns of monitoring in the workplace are mainly related to blogging, time management and privacy concerns.
Blogging represents a monitoring risk in the workplace as private thoughts put online can be seen by anyone.
Time management is the way in which employers can monitor his/ her employee. To do this, the employers has programs which can monitor what WebPages their employee visit on the company’s computer and also use video surveillance which allows company to keep records of an employee’s activity.
Privacy concern, allows the company to know what calls an employee make from the company and even record the phone call itself.
Protecting yourself:
If you have a blog, avoid blogging about work.
Be aware of your company’s policies such as find out what information they record and how often it is checked.
Avoid personal use of company equipment. For example playing games and talking on the phone for long hour/s.
URL: http://ethics.csc.ncsu.edu/social/workplace/monitoring/

Reading Summary 3 - Brown & Michaels - Overview of Intellectual Property

It is always hard to figure out how to protect your ideas in the virtual world. There are several measures you can take to determine what kind protection is appropriate. This page concentrates on the basic kind of intellectual property protection such as Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights.1. Patents= are useful things. There are three main typed of Patents:
Utility Patents= a machines, an article of manufacturer and a method of doing something.
Plant Patents= granted to anyone who invents or discovers and sexually reproduces a new variety of certain kind of plants.
Design Patents= covers the ornamental appearance of a useful device but not its foundation.
2. Trademarks= covers the name or symbol which represents the source of a product or service.
3. Copyright= protects works of authorship and composition or artistry. It covers books, sculpture, paintings r photograph, computer programs, movies and records and etc.
URL: http://www.bpmlegal.com/overview.html

Reference for week 1-12 post

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C, 2003; Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)," 2008; Griffiths, 2002; Haggis hunt,"

2007;

Luis, 2008; stephenson M; schwitz M, 2008; Martin Luther King;

Microsoft Word Training," 2008; miller,

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